Exploring Chrissiesmeer: A Haven for Flamingos, Flowers, and Frogs
Have you ever heard of Chrissiesmeer? It’s a place where nature’s vibrant beauty comes alive, offering a sanctuary to various magnificent creatures. Today, I want to take you on a journey to this hidden gem, where flamingos grace the skies, flowers bloom in abundance, and frogs hop merrily in sparkling lakes.
Chrissiesmeer, nestled in the heart of Mpumalanga, South Africa, is a wonderland for nature enthusiasts. One of the main attractions here is the flamingo population that calls the area home. When you witness these majestic birds with their brilliant pink feathers taking flight, you can’t help but be captivated by their grace and elegance. The sight of them gliding across the horizon is simply breathtaking.
But Chrissiesmeer isn’t just about flamingos – it’s also a paradise for flora enthusiasts. As you explore the area, you’ll find yourself immersed in a kaleidoscope of colors and fragrances. Fields of wildflowers create a picturesque landscape that will leave you in awe. With every step you take, you’ll encounter new and exotic species of plants, each one more fascinating than the last.
As you wander through Chrissiesmeer, you’ll stumble upon its hidden secret – a collection of pristine lakes that are home to a diverse ecosystem of frogs. These lakes serve as sanctuaries for these amphibious creatures, providing them a safe haven to thrive in. If you listen closely, you’ll hear the chorus of their croaks filling the air, creating a symphony that sings the song of nature.
Visiting Chrissiesmeer is like stepping into a world untouched by the chaos of modern life. It’s a place where beauty and serenity fuse together to create an unforgettable experience. Whether you’re a bird lover, a flower enthusiast, or a nature enthusiast, this hidden treasure has something magical to offer everyone.
So, do yourself a favor and escape to Chrissiesmeer – a haven where flamingos dance across the sky, flowers paint the landscape, and frogs serenade you with their melodic tunes. Allow yourself to be mesmerized by the wonders of nature and experience the true essence of Chrissiesmeer.
Do you know that in Mpumalanga, South Africa, there is a town that is famous for its beautiful lakes? It’s called the “lake district.” And it’s not just one lake, but many! In fact, there is a huge natural body of freshwater, which is the largest in the country. And if that’s not enough, there are also 270 smaller pans within a 20-kilometer radius!
This town is proud of its lakes and wants everyone to know about them. With such a diverse collection of lakes, it’s no wonder why they call themselves the “lake district.” It’s a title they wear with pride.
If you’re a nature lover or someone who simply enjoys the peacefulness of being by the water, you’ll be in paradise here. The lakes offer a sense of tranquility that is hard to find anywhere else. And besides, they provide a beautiful backdrop for any outdoor activity you can imagine.
With so many lakes to explore, your options are endless. You can go for a swim on a hot summer’s day, or you can take a leisurely boat ride and enjoy the scenery. You can even try your hand at fishing and see if you can catch the biggest fish in the lake.
The “lake district” is a place that attracts people from all walks of life. Whether you’re a local resident or a visitor from afar, you can’t help but be captivated by the beauty and serenity that these lakes offer. It’s truly a sight to behold.
So, if you’re planning your next vacation or simply looking for a peaceful getaway, consider visiting the “lake district” in Mpumalanga. It’s a place where you can relax, unwind, and reconnect with nature. Trust me, you won’t be disappointed.
As I sip my first cup of coffee of the day on the porch at Just Country Guest House, I can’t help but marvel at the breathtaking view of Lake Chrissie. Its sparkling waters stretch out before me, a tranquil expanse spanning nine kilometers in length and 25 in circumference. The beauty of this place is truly remarkable, and it fills me with a sense of awe and wonder.
Driving into Chrissiesmeer, I couldn’t help but think of those jokes people make about small towns. You know the ones I’m talking about – the kind that poke fun at just how tiny a place can be. But as I navigate the streets of this quaint little town, I realize that its size only adds to its charm and character.
Leaving Parkwood Street behind and venturing onto one of the narrow gravel lanes, I am immediately greeted by the warm ambiance of the platteland. Here, life moves at a different pace. Cows, goats, pigs, and even a rabbit roam freely, giving the town a lively and rustic feel. And amidst the old sandstone buildings, the most stunning shades of light blue peek through, offering tantalizing glimpses of the majestic Lake Chrissie.
In this little town, you’ll find cows everywhere you look. It might not be big, but it sure is packed with history. Back in the 1880s, when the area became the Republic of New Scotland, a lot of these cows started showing up. It all started thanks to Alexander McCorkindale, a clever guy who convinced the government to sell 200 farms. He wanted to create a settlement that would serve as a stopping point on the way to Mozambique. And that’s how this town came to be.
Once upon a time, there was a magnificent lake in South Africa. They used to call it Groot Zeekoepan back then, but I prefer its new name: Miss Chrissie’s Lake. You see, it was named after President Pretorius’s daughter by a man named McCorkindale.
McCorkindale was a smart and cunning businessman who knew how to bring people together. He was like the glue that held the Scottish settlers in this new land. But sadly, he passed away six years later, a victim of malaria. Without him, the settlement fell apart. The settlers felt lost without their leader.
But hope wasn’t lost forever. Ten years after McCorkindale’s death, two men named John Jack and August Simmer arrived. They were determined to revive the spirit of this place and build something great. And that’s exactly what they did.
Jack and Simmer set up a trading post, where people could come to trade goods and connect with each other. They built a hotel, stables, and even a gin depot. This place became a hub of activity and a gathering spot for the community.
In 1901, something extraordinary happened. The Anglo-Boer War was raging, and soldiers needed a place to unwind and relax. Jack and Simmer came to the rescue once again. They added a recreation center to the post, complete with a massive billiard table. Soldiers could come here and forget about the horrors of war for a little while.
Time passed, and in 1936, tragedy struck. The recreation center, made of wood and iron, burned down to the ground. It was a devastating loss for the community. But people never lost hope.
Fast forward to 2012. The spirits of the people were high once again. The recreation center was rebuilt, brick by brick, following the original specifications. And now, it stands proudly as an inn and distillery, just like it did all those years ago. It’s a place where history comes alive and where the stories of the past and the present intertwine.
I can’t help but get excited when lesser flamingos and other waders start arriving in the spring. They stay with us throughout the summer, adding a splash of beauty to Lake Banagher and its surrounding farm. It’s a sight to behold, and I feel privileged to witness it.
Chrissiesmeer has a captivating history, but nowadays, it’s better known for its incredible variety of plants and animals. People come from far and wide to experience the wonders of this place. The flowers, frogs, and birds steal the show, attracting the majority of our visitors. However, timing is crucial if you want to make the most of your trip.
“Why are you visiting in late winter?” a local curiously asked me, an expression of surprise on their face. It’s a question I’ve heard many times before, and I understand why. The summer rains breathe new life into the area, transforming it into a lush paradise of full lakes, green grasslands, blooming flowers, and energetic frogs. But if your intention is to observe the birds, it’s essential to consider what you’re looking for.
Sitting in the heart of a majestic landscape, Esbie Bezuidenhout took me on a remarkable journey to witness the captivating sight of the crowned cranes that migrate to our region every July. You might be wondering, who is Esbie? Well, let me tell you. Esbie is a hardworking farmer who tends to her cattle and sheep, not to mention, she is also the proud owner of the renowned John Jack Inn and The Billiard Room restaurant. But that’s not all – she even manages her daughter’s shop!
As I drove around the smaller pans this morning, I was disappointed not to spot any cranes. However, my disappointment quickly turned into excitement when I came across a flock of flamingos – hundreds of them! In addition to the flamingos, I also had the pleasure of seeing two shy secretary birds. These birds typically start migrating in September.
After my morning excursion, I decided to visit McCloud’s Wool Duvets & Pillows back at the shop. Located in the old mill-works, this charming store offers more than just bedding. Esbie, one of the shopkeepers, showed me a picture of the crowned cranes from a book in their cozy reading nook – a small consolation for not seeing them in person.
While browsing through the shop, I discovered that they also sell wool pyjamas and comfortable casual clothing. They even have beautiful pastel paintings by Anna Vosloo, inspired by the enchanting landscapes of Chrissiemeer. This shop truly offers a unique and delightful shopping experience.
So, down the road a bit, you’ll find the Frog Coffee Shop. Its exterior is adorned with a South African flag, enamelware, and a rusty brown bicycle with a basket of plants. If you’re on the lookout for frogs, you’ve come to the right spot! I had the pleasure of meeting the coffee shop’s owner, Ben Bezuidenhout, and his daughter, Hester, as we enjoyed cups of coffee and slices of milk tart. We gathered to discuss the exciting frogging safari happening this December.
As I wander through the tractor museum, my eyes are drawn to the magnificent Lanz Bulldog. It’s a rare sight, with only 3,800 of these beauties ever built. A true treasure.
Welcome to Matotoland, a magical place that gets its name from the siSwati word for ‘land of the frogs.’ Here, Hancu Louw has teamed up with Matotoland Eco-Tourism and The Pink Flamingo cafe to organize the renowned Frog Night. This event is a delight for nature enthusiasts, as knowledgeable guides lead them through the wetlands, introducing them to the fascinating world of frogs. Hester, one of the guides, proudly claims to recognize all 13 frog species that call this area home. She effortlessly guides participants, helping them catch, identify, and release these wonderful critters.
Although Hester’s official job title is teacher at the local primary school, she often takes on the role of tour guide for visitors to nearby attractions. She’s a natural when it comes to showing people around, and her passion shines through in her work. In fact, she’s the driving force behind the popular flower viewing event that takes place every January. Hester’s been keeping track, and her impressive list boasts 22 types of stunning ground orchids and around 200 vibrant veld flowers. She confidently claims that Matotoland rivals beauteous Namaqualand – the only difference is that here, the flowers like to hide amongst the grass, creating a charming game of hide-and-seek.
One foggy morning, I found myself walking down Percy Street, a quiet road just outside of town. The mist hung in the air, creating an eerie yet enchanting atmosphere. As I strolled along, I couldn’t help but feel a sense of mystery and curiosity.
The soft haze concealed the details of the surroundings, giving everything a dreamlike quality. Shadows danced on the pavement, teasing my imagination. It was as if the world had been wrapped in a cozy blanket, inviting me to explore its secrets.
The silence was melodic. The usual sounds of traffic and chatter were muffled, creating a peaceful solitude. The only noise that broke the stillness was the crunch of the fallen leaves beneath my feet. Each step seemed to echo through the mist, reminding me that I was not alone.
As I walked, I couldn’t help but wonder about the stories hidden behind the fog. What adventures had taken place on this very street? Who had walked these sidewalks before me? It was a thrilling thought, knowing that I was part of something much bigger than myself.
The mist was like a mystical veil, concealing the world’s secrets. It was a reminder that there is always more to discover, even in the most familiar places. It reminded me to embrace the unknown and seek out new experiences.
I continued my journey down Percy Street, my senses heightened by the fog. Every detail that emerged from the haze felt like a small victory, a hidden treasure waiting to be uncovered. It was a reminder that life is full of surprises and that the greatest adventures often occur when we least expect them.
As the fog began to lift, the world slowly came back into focus. The details that had been shrouded in mist were now clear and vibrant. I marveled at the beauty of the everyday, grateful for the experiences that had unfolded in this seemingly ordinary street.
That misty morning in Percy Street taught me the importance of embracing uncertainty and venturing into the unknown. It reminded me that there is magic in the world, waiting to be discovered. And it showed me that sometimes, the most extraordinary moments can be found in the simplest of places.
I had the pleasure of seeing Esbie Bezuidenhout’s dogs having a great time in Lake Chrissie. Esbie’s farm is right next to Genesaret campsite, which is one of the few places where you can go to the shoreline, especially if you’re there for a day visit. It’s a lovely spot.
The person who started the Frog Night event was Ané Steinberg, not Hester. She came up with the idea in 1998 because she wanted to find a way to promote local tourism using what was already available. Ané had a lot of people in the area thinking she was crazy when she first started, but she proved them wrong. She’s now focused on running her guest farm and wedding venue, but she used to be in charge of the frogging activities.
“Our village is so small that you can really get involved – join in with events and help keep the town in good shape,” Ané said. She had this great idea to start a group on WhatsApp called the Daisy Group. It’s all about organizing clean-ups in our little community, and it’s grown a lot since then. “There’s something special about this place,” Ané said with a smile. “We all need Chrissies, and Chrissies needs all of us.”
Hey there! How’s it going? Just wanted to say, I came across this cool picture of a curious donkey hanging out at Sandsteen Kothuisies B&B. It’s pretty neat, right?
Get ready for an epic adventure
So, listen up! I gotta tell you about this awesome place that’s totally worth checking out. It might be a little far from the city, but trust me, it’s worth the drive.
Goliath’s Footprint is a captivating sight located in the Mpuluzi area, just 56km away from town. It is a remarkable impression, measuring 1.8m, of a left footprint etched into solid granite rock. This incredible natural formation holds immense spiritual significance and is shrouded in a tapestry of enchanting legends. People have long contemplated the origin of this footprint, with diverse beliefs ranging from it being the footprint of God or Adam, to it belonging to e’Mpuluzi – a gigantic woman living over a hundred million years ago. According to one legend, e’Mpuluzi met her tragic demise while frantically running towards her lover amidst a volcanic eruption. In the aftermath, her footprint was forever imprinted onto the molten rock, creating an awe-inspiring legacy.
Another equally fascinating attraction is the mesmerizing Ti’Qwa San Rock Art. This extraordinary artwork holds captivating stories within its ancient strokes. Created by the San people, who are the indigenous inhabitants of the region, the rock art provides a glimpse into their rich cultural heritage. Interpreting the meanings behind these ancient creations offers a fascinating window into their traditions and way of life. The artistry and symbolism within each stroke invite us to embark on an imaginative journey to the past, discovering the tales and wisdom of the land.
As I approach eManzana (Badplaas), which is located 40km from town, I am filled with awe and wonder. It is here that the San people have left behind their remarkable story, etched into the walls of a cave known as Ti’Qwa. This name, derived from the San language, speaks to the deep connection between humanity and the divine.
Inside the cave, a magnificent display of rock paintings awaits, an ancient tapestry that transports me back in time. These paintings, dating back an astonishing 15,000 years, offer a glimpse into the lives of the San people. The vibrant images depict not only human figures but also mythical beings and the cunning tactics employed by a pride of lions.
One cannot help but feel a sense of reverence when standing in the presence of such ancient artistry. It is a testament to the rich history and profound spirituality of the San people. But this story is not confined to the past – the San people still inhabit this land to this day.
If you’re as captivated by this incredible tale as I am, you’ll be pleased to know that Highveld Heritage Tourism can arrange meetings with the San community. This presents a unique opportunity to connect with and learn from the descendants of those who created these breathtaking masterpieces. To arrange a meeting, you can reach Highveld Heritage Tourism at 082-786-7959.
As I continue my journey, I come across another marvel of nature – the Natural Erosion Bridge. This remarkable formation showcases the power and artistry of erosion. It stands as a testament to the raw beauty that can arise from the forces of nature.
Walking across the bridge fills me with a sense of awe and respect for the natural world. I can’t help but ponder the intricate processes that led to its creation. It serves as a gentle reminder that in the grand tapestry of life, even the seemingly smallest acts can have a profound impact.
Visiting these incredible sites reminds me of the interconnectedness of humanity and nature. They invite us to delve deeper into our own humanity and contemplate the wonders that surround us. By embracing and learning from our past, we can create a brighter and more harmonious future.
I love exploring unique places, and one that caught my attention is the rock arch on Goedehoop farm near Ermelo. This incredible natural stone bridge stretches over the Vaal River, measuring an impressive 27m in length and 7m in width. It’s the largest stone bridge in all of South Africa!
What makes this place even more fascinating is its historical significance. Both the Voortrekkers and the Anglo-Boer War forces utilized this bridge to cross the Vaal River. Standing here, I can’t help but imagine the footsteps of those who came before us, traversing this very spot.
Now, I have to let you in on a little secret. While the bridge is situated on private property, you can arrange a visit on weekends by contacting Hester Bezuidenhout at 079-080-3826. Imagine being able to walk across this amazing bridge and soak in its rich history firsthand!
But wait, there’s more! Imagine staying in a charming stone cottage within walking distance of the bridge. From there, you can enjoy breathtaking views of a dam that flows into the river. Talk about a one-of-a-kind experience! The cottage accommodates up to six people and costs R1,600 per night. If you’re interested, give them a call at 082-784-5248.
Here’s a helpful tip: If you want to explore more fascinating sites in the area, you can contact tourism monitor Lungile Lusenga. For just R300 per person, he can take you to three different locations. You can reach him at 076-041-5374.
So, if you’re looking for a unique adventure that combines history, natural beauty, and a touch of exclusivity, this rock arch and its surroundings are a must-visit. Just imagine the stories waiting to be discovered!
HOW TO GET TO CHRISSIESMEER
If you’re planning a trip to Chrissiesmeer, getting there is quite straightforward. Let me guide you through a few possible routes.
If you’re coming from Johannesburg, the easiest way is to take the N17 via Bethal and Ermelo. It’s a drive of approximately 247 kilometers, and you’ll arrive at your destination in no time.
Alternatively, if you’re starting your journey from Mbombela, you can take a slightly shorter route. Head towards eManzana (Badplaas) and Carolina, covering around 175 kilometers along the way.
If you prefer a more scenic drive, you can opt for the N4 route from eNtokozweni (Machadodorp) to Carolina. From there, head south and enjoy the beautiful landscapes as you make your way to Chrissiesmeer.
Now that you know a few different routes, you can choose the one that suits you best and embark on your adventure to Chrissiesmeer. Safe travels!
Welcome to the Just Country Guest House!
This cozy bed and breakfast is located on the outskirts of town, and our main building has been standing strong for an impressive 107 years. We pride ourselves on offering a unique and charming experience for our guests.
Inside, you’ll find five comfortable double rooms, each tastefully decorated and designed for relaxation. And don’t worry about waiting in line for the bathroom – we have three showers and toilets that are shared among our guests.
Our guest house also boasts two lounges, perfect for curling up with a good book, chatting with fellow travelers, or simply enjoying a moment of peace and quiet. And if you’re feeling nostalgic, our old country kitchen will transport you back in time.
But one of our biggest treasures is our expansive garden. With its lush greenery and vibrant flowers, it’s the ideal place for a leisurely stroll or a picnic under the sun. And as the day draws to a close, you can settle down on our spacious stoep and witness the breathtaking beauty of the sunset reflecting over the water.
For the affordable rate of R475* per person, you can enjoy all that Just Country Guest House has to offer. To make a reservation, simply give us a call at 082-824-3585, or find us on Facebook.
If you’re looking for a touch of history and romance, then John Jack Inn is the perfect choice for you. Our inn is home to two magnificent oak trees, planted over 130 years ago, which stand tall and proud in our front yard.
Inside, you’ll find seven cozy rooms, each with its own en-suite bathroom. These rooms are designed to capture the essence of the past, with their ceramic fireplaces and vintage decor. You’ll feel like you’ve stepped back in time.
But John Jack Inn isn’t just about history – we also offer modern comforts. When you stay with us, you can enjoy a delicious breakfast included in the price of R550* per person. And if you’re traveling with a companion, you can share a room and split the cost.
To make a reservation at John Jack Inn, simply give us a call at 083-625-6097 or visit our website at johnjackinn.co.za. We can’t wait to welcome you and provide you with an unforgettable experience.
Teen Die Meer is located just 8km outside of town and offers a unique opportunity for the public to access the lake. The campsite, safari tents, and timber chalets are all conveniently located right next to the water, providing a breathtaking view. The farm also features mountain biking routes that meander through the landscape, where you might catch glimpses of dassies, mongooses, and blesbok. For day visitors, the entrance fee is only R30* per person. If you’re looking to stay overnight, the chalets can accommodate up to four people and cost R550* per night, while the campsites have a maximum capacity of six people and cost R60* per person. For more information, you can call 082-629-4320 or visit teendiemeer.com.
If you’ve ever dreamed of owning a custom guitar, look no further than Kaleidoscope Arts, Crafts & Cafe. Peter Borradaile, an artist, musician, and woodworker, specializes in crafting unique guitars that are tailored to your preferences. While you’re there, take the time to admire the paintings on display, created by various artists. You won’t want to miss Gerhard van den Bergh’s mesmerizing sketches, including his intricate labyrinth at the DR Church. In addition to their impressive art collection, Kaleidoscope also serves light meals and delicious baked goods. The cafe is open during the daytime from Wednesday to Sunday. For more information or to purchase a custom guitar, call 082-378-9488.
Get ready to be dazzled by a remarkable display of vintage tractors and so much more at the captivating Randell’s Ranch Museum, located just 32km away from town. When you step foot into Jan Randell’s museum, you’ll find yourself surrounded by a vast collection of over 220 tractors, cars, motorbikes, trucks, engines, and even church organs, all housed in eight unbelievable barns. It’s truly a sight to behold! As you explore this treasure trove of history, you’ll come across an extraordinary 1916 tractor, which stands as a testament to the rich heritage showcased in this remarkable museum. Keep in mind that Randell’s Ranch Museum is open to visitors exclusively on Saturdays, so make sure to plan your visit accordingly. The entry fee is R50* per person, and it’s highly recommended to book in advance to secure your spot. For bookings, please dial 082-807-5515.
Indulge your taste buds with a unique and meticulously crafted drink at the one-of-a-kind Gin Shop, housed in the historic gin depot dating back to 1886. This charming establishment offers an impressive selection of over 50 gins to choose from, each with its own distinctive character and flavor profiles. On top of that, you’ll also find the remarkable Highveld Gin, a brand created by the owner, Marian Bezuidenhout. Crafted with an expert touch, this gin is crafted using seasonal and locally sourced botanicals, resulting in a harmonious blend of flavors. Among the flavors available, you can taste the tantalizing notes of porcini, the fiery kick of chilling, and the zesty zest of spicy orange. To embark on a delightful gin experience, opt for a tasting of six remarkable gins, priced at R250*. The Gin Shop operates from 11am to 10pm most days, with Sunday hours concluding at 5pm. Feel free to drop in and savor a unique gin experience like no other. To reach The Gin Shop, give them a call at 082-888-0262.
Join me for a thrilling adventure on Frog Night, happening on December 7th. We will explore the great outdoors with knowledgeable guides and listen to fascinating speakers. Get ready to encounter incredible species like the bubbling kassina and striped stream frog. It’s an experience you don’t want to miss! The cost is R150* for adults and R75* for kids, which includes a delicious spitbraai and live music. To reserve your spot, call 079-080-3826 now!
Immerse yourself in the beauty of nature by witnessing the breathtaking display of wildflowers. Picture cat’s whiskers and chandelier lilies transforming the grasslands into a vibrant tapestry. Join us on January 11th and 18th, 2020 for guided tours that showcase these stunning floral spectacles. The cost is R150* per person, and a light meal is included. Don’t miss this opportunity to see nature in all its glory! For more information and to book your tour, call 079-080-3826.
The Pink Flamingo. Image: Mia Louw.
Welcome to The Billiard Room, a unique space that holds the memories of the Anglo-Boer War. You can still see the cement blocks that supported the legs of the billiard table. Our menu offers a delightful variety of dishes including burgers, steaks, pastas, and pizzas, all ranging from R65 to R85*. We are open from 11am to 8pm, with Sunday hours until 3pm and closed on Mondays. Give us a call at 083-625-6097.
Discover Lake Chrissie Lodge, renowned for its mouthwatering Sunday lunch buffet. From 12pm to 4pm, immerse yourself in a delightful array of options. You’ll find a tempting selection of soup, nine different salads, four meat choices, five vegetarian dishes, and five delectable desserts, all for only R160* per person. We also offer an à la carte menu for dinner, available daily until 8pm. Call us at 017-847-0025.
Welcome to The Pink Flamingo! We’re not just your average takeaway joint – we’re a quirky bakery and cafe that offers a little something for everyone. When you step through our doors, you’ll find a delightful range of treats to satisfy your cravings: refreshing cooldrinks, delectable sweets, tantalizing snacks, captivating second-hand books, and unique gifts.
Looking for something to tame those hunger pangs? You’re in luck! Our menu boasts a variety of mouthwatering options. If you’re craving a classic, try our creamy egg and mayo toasted sarmie with crispy chips for just R35*. For those with a ravenous appetite, our dagwood sandwich for R85* is sure to hit the spot. No matter your preference, we’ve got you covered.
We’re open all day, every day, ensuring you can satisfy your cravings whenever they strike. Even on Sundays, we’re here for you until 1pm. So drop by and let us take care of your hunger.
Need to get in touch? Don’t hesitate to call us at 082-824-3585. We’re always happy to assist you.
*Prices are subject to change, so please confirm with us beforehand.
This article originally appeared in the November 2019 issue of Getaway magazine.
To get your hands on a copy of this issue, follow this link →
All prices were accurate at the time of publication, but it’s always a good idea to check with the establishment before making any bookings or purchases.
